INGLÊS (objetiva) - todos os cursos
Prova realizada no dia 16/07//2006

1	One-third of the youngest children in the United States – babies through age 6 – live in homes where the television is on almost all the time, says a study that highlights the immense disconnect between what pediatricians advise and what parents allow. TV in the bedroom is not even that rare for the youngest children anymore. Almost one child in
5	five under 2 has a set, even though the American Academy of Pediatrics advises against any TV watching at that age.        Eig ht in 10 children younger than 6 watch TV, play video games or use the computer on a typical day. They average about two hours of screen time, compared with 48 minutes when they are being read to, the Kaiser Family Foundation concludes in a study released Wednesday.
10	The number of youngsters glued to the screen has not changed much since the foundation's first rep ort on the topic in 2003. However, in this follow-up, Kaiser asked parents – in a survey and in focus- group sessions – why they and their children use TV and other electronic media the way they do.         Instead, a generation of parents raised on TV is largely encouraging the early use of television, video games and computers by their own children, often starting in infancy.
15	These parents say TV teaches how to share and the ABCs when they do not have the time. Television provides time for parents to cook or take a shower. They use screen time as a reward or, paradoxically, to help kids wind down at bedtime.         Despite studies that link bedroom TVs to kids' sleep problems, the most common reason cited for giving children their own set was that it freed up other TVs so parents or their other children could watch
20	shows of their choice.         The report by the California-based foundation, which analyzes health care issues, comes at a time of great debate about the impact of TV and other multimedia on youngsters. Just last week, specialists called together by the National Institutes of Health urged more research on how electronic media affect children at different ages.
25	Those specialists sigh at the notion that parents could not get by without TV. "People have made dinner for millennia, but we've only had television for 50 years," said Dr. Dimitri Christakas of the University of Washington. "Television's not inherently good or bad. ... The real goal now has to be not to de-technologize childhood, but how to optimize children's experiences with it." The pediatrics group recommends no TV or other electronic media for kids younger than 2 –
30	advice that just 26 percent of parents followed, Kaiser found – and no more than two hours of total "screen time" daily for older children. The organization is not anti-TV, said Dr. Daniel Broughton of the Mayo Clinic, an academy member who co-wrote the recommendations. But before age 2 is the time of the brain's most rapid development , and interaction – the live give-and-take that TV cannot provide – is crucial during that
35	period, he said.         Some studies also link TV watching at younger ages to youngsters' attention disorders. After a child reaches 2, the idea is to balance a little TV with riding bikes, playing with friends, household chores and the other activities of childhood, Broughton said.               " We want parents to watch with their kids," he added. One reason is that viewing ethnic
40	stereotypes or bad behavior on TV can become instructive, when parents explain why children should not copy what they saw.
	Adapted from http://edition.cnn.com/2006/HEALTH/parenting May 24, 2006

Questão 01

The general purpose of the article is to:

(A)	Help parents solve children’s sleep problems.
(B)	Make children aware of their brain development.
(C)	Discuss parents’ and specialists’ views of children’s TV habits.
(D)	Criticize earlier studies of children and TV.
(E)	Encourage educational TV.
R: (C) Discuss parents’ and specialists’ views of children’s TV habits.
Para acertar essa questão de compreensão, o candidato deverá ser capaz de identificar a única opção que aponta o principal objetivo do autor, que é de apresentar ao leitor uma exposição sobre os estudos sobre o tópico e sobre a percepção e o valor que os pais dão à TV, bem como ao hábito dos filhos de assistir à TV. A única opção correta é a (C). As demais opções devem ser descartadas por apontarem apenas pontos parciais no texto.

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Questão 05

Mark the only WRONG pair of synonyms:

(A)	Highlights (line 2) – emphasizes
(B)	Provides (line 16) – proves
(C)	Issues (line 21) – questions
(D)	Goal (line 27) – objective
(E)	Balance (line 37) – combine
R: (B) Provides (line 16) – proves
Para acertar esta questão de vocabulário contextualizado, o candidato deverá compreender tanto o sentido das palavras no texto como o dos sinônimos propostos, e perceber que, somente em (B), não há uma relação de sinonímia entre os dois termos. O verbo “provide” significa “prover”, “fornecer”. Deste modo, o verbo “prove”, que significa “provar”, “comprovar”, não pode ser entendido como um possível sinônimo, como proposto. As demais opções devem ser descartadas, já que as palavras da segunda coluna poderiam substituir as primeiras no mesmo contexto, sem alterações de significado.

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Questão 06

In the sentence “ Despite studies that link bedroom TVs to kids' sleep problems, the most common reason (...) children could watch shows of their choice” (lines 18-20), the word “despite” expresses an idea of:

(A)	contrast.
(B)	addition .
(C)	result .
(D)	Conclusion .
(E)	Comparison .
R: (A) contrast.
Para acertar essa questão, o candidato deverá conhecer os conectivos da língua inglesa e suas funções, sendo capaz de identificar a opção (A), “contrast”, como a única que apresenta uma alternativa correta para a função de “despite”. As demais opções devem ser descartadas, pois exprimem idéias diferentes da original.

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Questão 07

Mark the CORRECT statement concerning reference.

(A)	“They” (line 16) refers to “children”.
(B)	“It” (line 19) refers to “reason”.
(C)	“Which” (line 21) refers to “foundation”.
(D)	“It” (line 28) refers to “notion”.
(E)	“They” (line 41) refers to “parents”.
R: (C) “Which” (line 21) refers to “foundation”.
O acerto desta questão de referência depende da identificação, por parte do candidato, da única opção que associa corretamente o pronome e seu referente. A resposta certa é a opção (C). Nas demais opções, o antecedente proposto está incorreto: “They”, na opção (A), refere-se a “parents” (linha 16); “It”, na opção (B), refere-se a “giving children their own set” (linha 19); “It”, na opção (D), refere-se a “technology” (a partir de “de-technologize” na linha 28); e “they”, na opção (E), refere-se a “children”.

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Questão 08

In the sentence “ One reason … TV canbecome instructive, when parents explain why children should not copy what they saw.”(lines 39-41), the word “ can” expresses the idea of:

(A)	ability.
(B)	request.
(C)	inability.
(D)	permission.
(E)	possibility.
R: (E) possibility.
Nesta questão, o candidato deverá demonstrar conhecimento das funções dos verbos modais e de seu uso no texto. A única opção certa é (E) porque “can” neste contexto expressa a idéia de possibilidade. Todas as outras opções devem ser descartadas, pois o verbo modal, nesse contexto, não expressa a noção de habilidade (A), pedido (B), inabilidade (C) ou mesmo permissão (D).

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